In the last decades, renewable energy capacity around the world has grown dramatically, led by solar photovoltaic and wind power.
In order to limit warming to 1.5°C, the world requires three times more renewable energy capacity by 2030, or at least 11,000 GW (IEA, 2023). However, renewable energy availability is still insufficient to sustain the transition to a low-carbon energy system. While the world intensifies the clean energy transition, we will need over three billion tonnes of energy transition minerals and metals to deploy wind, solar, energy storage and more.
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